Researchers have found that diets high in fat are responsible for deactivating an important metabolic enzyme, causing a process that starts an organism down the path of Type 2 diabetes.

Insulin cannot do its job of driving sugar from the bloodstream into cells until it attaches to hooks on a cell's surface called insulin receptors. A high-fat, low-carbohydrate intake reduces the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and alters the relation between oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal in a way that favors storage of glucose.

The diabetic pathway is activated in the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to operational defects in other organs and tissues. The process affects the liver, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue (fat). When combined, these defects lead to the onset of Type 2 diabetes.

"We were initially surprised to learn how much the pancreatic beta cell contributes to the onset and severity of diabetes," said Jamey Marth, professor of biochemistry, molecular biology and nanomedicine at the University of California in Santa Barbara.

"The observation that beta cell malfunction significantly contributes to multiple disease signs, including insulin resistance, was unexpected," continued Marth. "We noted, however, that studies from other laboratories published over the past few decades had alluded to this possibility." Doctors were aware that defects in the functioning of pancreatic beta cells might be contributing to the onset of diabetes, but no one knew for sure until now.

The new study found that elevated levels of fat were responsible for interfering with two transcription factors, or proteins that determine whether a gene is active or inactive.

Now that scientists understand the mechanisms by which the pancreatic beta cells become unable to monitor blood glucose levels, they are looking toward developing treatments.

Diabetes does not need to encumber a child's ability to exercise or compete; many athletes deal with diabetes while exercising and competing.

So what are the advantages of a child with diabetes getting plenty of exercise?

• Exercise helps strengthen bones, muscles and reduces rise of heart disease

• Better coordination, strength, endurance and in increase in energy levels

• Exercise makes insulin work better in the body which helps to keep blood sugar levels in a healthy range

• Exercise will help to reach and maintain a healthy body weight - eating right is not enough.

• Increase stamina, self-esteem and confidence and can help to relive tension and stress.

Walking, riding, team sports - it's all good. Set a goal for your child to exercise 60 minutes per day 5-6 days per week. With help from your child's physician, a clear plan of exercise and diet can be formulated.